![]() ![]() In contrast, pathological hypertrophy, a decompensated stage with complex network of cellular and molecular regulation, usually observed in patients with long-term cardiovascular disorders, is accompanied by cardiac systolic/diastolic dysfunction and the enlargement of CMs is often irreversible ( 3, 4). Physiological hypertrophy, which usually occurs during pregnancy and exercise, is characterize with a coordinated increase in ventricular volume and wall thickness, most importantly, it is reversible once the stimulus was relieved ( 2). Cardiac hypertrophy can be generally divided into physiological and pathological hypertrophy. Therefore, in adult hearts, CMs have no capability of proliferating in response to prolonged pressure/volume overload instead, they exhibit morphological enlargement to continuously pump blood to provide oxygen and nutrients to the body, thus leading to the increased heart wall thickness and heart mass, and eventually cardiac hypertrophy ( 1). Our article is also to summarize the strategies of mitochondria-targeting as therapeutic targets to treat cardiac hypertrophy.Ĭardiomyocytes (CMs) are one of the most important cell types which become terminally differentiated once after birth. This article presents a summary review of the morphological and functional changes of mitochondria during the hypertrophic response, followed by an overview of the latest research progress on the significant modulatory roles of mitochondria in cardiac hypertrophy. The significant alterations in mitochondrial energetics and mitochondrial proteome composition, as well as the altered expression of transcripts that have an impact on mitochondrial structure and function, may contribute to the initiation and progression of cardiac hypertrophy. In recent years, accumulating evidence has indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Sustained cardiac overload inevitably results in high energy consumption, thus breaking the balance between mitochondrial energy supply and cardiac energy demand. ![]() 3Department of Thyroid and Breast, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaĬardiac hypertrophy, a stereotypic cardiac response to increased workload, ultimately progresses to severe contractile dysfunction and uncompensated heart failure without appropriate intervention.2Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China.1Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.Dan Yang 1,2 †, Han-Qing Liu 3 †, Fang-Yuan Liu 1,2, Zhen Guo 1,2, Peng An 1,2, Ming-Yu Wang 1,2, Zheng Yang 1,2, Di Fan 1,2 * and Qi-Zhu Tang 1,2 * ![]()
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